Pallade Veneta - India's Rahul Gandhi loses parliament seat after conviction

Modi's government has been widely accused of using the law to target and silence critics, and the case in the premier's home state of Gujarat is one of several lodged against his chief opponent in recent years.

Gandhi, of the opposition Congress party, was sentenced to two years imprisonment but walked free on bail after his lawyers vowed to appeal Thursday's verdict.

However, the conviction has ruled him ineligible to continue sitting in the Lok Sabha, or lower house of the Indian parliament, a notice from the chamber's joint secretary said.

"I'm stunned by this action and by its rapidity," said Shashi Tharoor, a lawmaker and former foreign minister from Gandhi's party.

"This is politics with the gloves off and it bodes ill for our democracy."

Gandhi, 52, is the leading face of the Congress party, once the dominant force of Indian politics, with a proud role in ending British colonial rule, but now a shadow of its former self.

He is the scion of India's most famous political dynasty and the son, grandson and great-grandson of former prime ministers, beginning with independence leader Jawaharlal Nehru.

But he has struggled to challenge the electoral juggernaut of Modi and its nationalist appeals to the country's Hindu majority.

Thursday's case stemmed from a remark made during the 2019 election campaign in which Gandhi had asked why "all thieves have Modi as (their) common surname".

His comments were seen as a slur against the prime minister, who went on to win the election in a landslide.

Members of the government also said the remark was a smear against all those sharing the Modi surname, which is associated with the lower rungs of India's traditional caste hierarchy.

- 'Big storm' -

Ravi Shankar Prasad, a spokesman for Modi's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), told reporters after the verdict that the court had acted with "due judicial process".

But Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay, a New Delhi-based writer and analyst, told AFP that the verdict showed the BJP "does not want Rahul Gandhi in parliament".

He said the disqualification followed a "big storm" of disruptions to parliamentary proceedings by Congress lawmakers demanding a probe into Modi's relationship with tycoon Gautam Adani.

The two men have been close associates for decades but Adani's business empire has been subject to renewed scrutiny this year after a US investment firm accused it of "brazen" corporate fraud.

- Action against critics -

Several senior lawmakers have been disqualified from Indian legislatures in the past, including a state chief minister.

Indira Gandhi, Rahul's grandmother, was briefly forced out of the chamber by a court decision in 1977 while she was prime minister.

But legal action has been widely deployed against opposition party figures and institutions seen as critical of the Modi government in recent years.

Gandhi himself faces at least two other defamation cases in the country and a money laundering case that has been snaking its way through India's glacial legal system for more than a decade.

Last month, federal investigators arrested Manish Sisodia, a top member of the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) which governs New Delhi, on allegations he had corruptly benefitted from reforms to the capital's liquor licensing rules.

Sisodia's party is seeking to supplant Congress as the main opposition to Modi's government and its members have decried his arrest as politically motivated.

Also in February, Indian tax authorities raided the BBC's local offices, weeks after the broadcaster aired a documentary on Modi's conduct during deadly sectarian riots decades ago.

The Editors Guild of India said then that the raids were part of a wider "trend of using government agencies to intimidate or harass press organisations that are critical of government policies".

T.Galgano--PV